Hydrographical surveying just like topographical surveying is carried out to determine 3D measurements with the intent to depict bathymetry for mapping and applications in engineering works. The map plotted from this data is called a hydrographic chart where elevations are represented as contours and soundings.
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Engineering surveying is carried out to determine land measurements in 3D for applications in precise engineering works. These include:
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Topographical surveying is carried out to determine land measurements in 3D with the intent to depict the nature of topography for mapping and applications in engineering works. The key feature of topo-maps (maps plotted from topographical surveying data) is contours and spot heights to represent surfaces; another elevation representing technique is digital elevation models Applications
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Property surveying involves measurement procedures done on real property for the purpose of getting to know spatial dimensions of the property in question; these measurements are location coordinates, distances, areas and levels Property surveying is done for the following reasons:
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